{"id":2265,"date":"2024-07-26T00:53:03","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T00:53:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/178.128.235.10\/?page_id=2265"},"modified":"2024-07-26T00:53:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T00:53:50","slug":"geothermal-area","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/geothermal-area\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e9othermie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019\u00e9nergie g\u00e9othermique provient de la chaleur renferm\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la Terre. Les geysers et les jets de vapeur (les fumerolles) naissent quand l\u2019eau souterraine suinte par des fissures et entre en contact avec de la roche chauff\u00e9e par le magma. L\u2019exploitation de ces geysers, sources chaudes et fumerolles naturels permet de recueillir l\u2019eau chaude et la vapeur \u00e0 des fins de chauffage. La chaleur g\u00e9othermique est utilis\u00e9e par l\u2019humain depuis le Pal\u00e9olithique pour les bains, mais n\u2019est employ\u00e9e pour chauffer les maisons et les entreprises \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle commerciale que depuis les ann\u00e9es 1920.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2505\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2505\" src=\"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/cj-geothermal-diagram.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1305px) 100vw, 1305px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/cj-geothermal-diagram.jpg 1305w, https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/cj-geothermal-diagram-350x264.jpg 350w, https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/cj-geothermal-diagram-705x533.jpg 705w\" alt=\"Geothermal diagram\" width=\"1305\" height=\"987\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2505\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geothermal diagram<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9nergie g\u00e9othermique peut aussi \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour produire de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. L\u2019eau est puis\u00e9e en profondeur dans le sol, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 la temp\u00e9rature naturellement \u00e9lev\u00e9e la transforme en vapeur et, une fois amen\u00e9e en surface, elle sert \u00e0 actionner une turbine. La vapeur est ensuite condens\u00e9e \u00eatre transform\u00e9e en eau, puis recycl\u00e9e. Ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 est plus efficace dans les r\u00e9gions poss\u00e9dant un gradient g\u00e9othermique (taux auquel la temp\u00e9rature augmente avec la profondeur) \u00e9lev\u00e9. Actuellement, le Canada ne poss\u00e8de pas de puissance g\u00e9othermique install\u00e9e; cependant, un&nbsp;<a title=\"http:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2013\/rncan-nrcan\/M183-2-6914-eng.pdf\" href=\"http:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2013\/rncan-nrcan\/M183-2-6914-eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" download=\"http:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2013\/rncan-nrcan\/M183-2-6914-eng.pdf\">lev\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en 2012 par la Commission g\u00e9ologique du Canada&nbsp;<abbr title=\"megabyte\">MB<\/abbr>&nbsp;<abbr title=\"Adobe Portable Document Format\">700 ko<\/abbr>)<\/a>&nbsp;a conclu que \u00ab la puissance g\u00e9othermique en place au Canada est de plus d\u2019un million de fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la consommation \u00e9lectrique actuelle au pays, bien que seule une partie de ce potentiel puisse probablement \u00eatre exploit\u00e9e \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Les r\u00e9gions poss\u00e9dant le plus gros potentiel de production g\u00e9othermique sont la Colombie-Britannique, l\u2019Alberta, les Territoires-du-Nord-Ouest et le Yukon \u2014 bien que cela ne signifie pas que le Nouveau-Brunswick ne puisse pas, lui aussi, tirer parti de cette source d\u2019\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n<h2>Pompes \u00e0 chaleur g\u00e9othermique<\/h2>\n<p>Au-dessous d\u2019environ 2 m&nbsp;<abbr title=\"metres\">m<\/abbr>&nbsp;(7 pi), la temp\u00e9rature du sol est constante, quelles que soient les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques et la saison. Dans la plupart des secteurs du sud du Canada, elle est \u00e0 cette profondeur de 5 \u00e0 10 \u00b0C&nbsp;<abbr title=\"degrees Celcius\">\u00b0C<\/abbr>&nbsp;(41\u201350&nbsp;<abbr title=\"degrees Fahrenheit\">\u00b0F<\/abbr>La diff\u00e9rence entre la temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019air et la temp\u00e9rature du sol en profondeur peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour chauffer ou refroidir de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s efficace, au moyen d\u2019une pompe \u00e0 chaleur g\u00e9othermique (aussi appel\u00e9e pompe g\u00e9othermique).<\/p>\n<p>Une pompe \u00e0 chaleur g\u00e9othermique fonctionne de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on qu\u2019un r\u00e9frig\u00e9rateur. Tout comme un frigo, cette pompe utilise un compresseur, un long tuyau scell\u00e9 pour recueillir et dispenser la chaleur (\u00e9changeurs d\u2019air) et un fluide ayant de bonnes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de transfert de chaleur (le frigorig\u00e8ne). Un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel d\u2019une pompe g\u00e9othermique est le r\u00e9seau de tuyaux enfoui profond\u00e9ment dans le sol \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la maison. Le moteur du compresseur, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la maison, fait circuler le frigorig\u00e8ne dans ce r\u00e9seau. La chaleur provenant du sol environnant r\u00e9chauffe le frigorig\u00e8ne dans les tuyaux, le transformant en gaz. Le gaz frigorig\u00e8ne p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans le compresseur, qui le comprime afin de hausser sa pression et sa temp\u00e9rature. Le frigorig\u00e8ne ainsi r\u00e9chauff\u00e9 circule dans les radiateurs \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la maison, y lib\u00e9rant la chaleur provenant du sol. Il est ensuite retransform\u00e9 en liquide et le cycle recommence.<\/p>\n<p>Si on inverse le flux du frigorig\u00e8ne, la pompe g\u00e9othermique peut refroidir la maison l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9. La chaleur puis\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur est lib\u00e9r\u00e9e dans le sol frais, cr\u00e9ant ainsi un syst\u00e8me de climatisation extr\u00eamement efficace. Une pompe \u00e0 chaleur g\u00e9othermique n\u00e9cessite de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pour actionner le compresseur. Dans une maison \u00e9conerg\u00e9tique et bien isol\u00e9e, cette \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre facilement fournie par un panneau solaire mont\u00e9 sur le toit.<\/p>\n<p>Pour en savoir plus sur la g\u00e9othermie, consultez :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pembina.org\/\">L\u2019Institut Pembina (Anglais)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cangea.ca\/\">L\u2019Association canadienne de l\u2019\u00e9nergie g\u00e9othermique (Anglais)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.geo-exchange.ca\/en\/\">Coalition Canadienne de l\u2019\u00c9nergie G\u00e9othermique<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/category\/geothermal\/\">Les \u00e9tudes de cas sur la g\u00e9othermie au Nouveau-Brunswick<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Geothermal energy comes from the heat inside the Earth. Geysers and steam vents (called fumaroles) occur when ground water seeps through cracks and comes in contact with volcanically heated rocks. By taking advantage of these naturally occurring geysers, hot springs, and fumaroles, hot water, and steam can be gathered for heating purposes. Geothermal heat has been used by humans since the Palaeolithic Era for bathing, but was not used to heat homes and businesses on a commercial scale until the 1920s. Geothermal diagram Geothermal energy may also be used for electricity generation. Water is pumped deep into the Earth where the naturally high temperature causes it to turn into steam, which then rises back to the surface where it is used to spin a turbine. The steam is then condensed back into water, and re-circulated. This technology works best in areas with a large geothermal gradient (the rate at which the temperature increases with depth). Currently, Canada does not have any installed geothermal power capacity, however a&nbsp;survey done in 2012 by the Geological Survey of Canada (53&nbsp;MB&nbsp;PDF)&nbsp;concluded \u201cCanada\u2019s in-place geothermal power exceeds one million times Canada\u2019s current electrical consumption, although only a fraction of this can likely be produced\u201d. The locations with the highest potential for successful geothermal power generation are in British Columbia, Alberta, North West Territories, and the Yukon \u2014 though that doesn\u2019t mean that New Brunswick can\u2019t also make use of geothermal energy. Ground source heat pumps The temperature of the soil below about 2&nbsp;m&nbsp;(7\u2032)&nbsp;remains constant regardless of the weather or season. In most places throughout southern Canada, soil temperatures at this depth hover between 5 and 10&nbsp;\u00b0C&nbsp;(41\u201350&nbsp;\u00b0F). The difference between air and deep soil temperatures can be used for heating and cooling in a very efficient manner, with a ground-source heat pump (also called a&nbsp;geothermal heat pump). A ground-source heat pump works the same way a refrigerator does. Like a fridge, a heat pump uses a compressor, lengths of sealed tubing for gathering and dispersing heat (heat exchangers), and a fluid with good heat-transfer characteristics (called the refrigerant). An essential part of the heat pump is the network of tubes buried deep in the soil near the home. The compressor motor, located inside the house, circulates the refrigerant around this network. Heat from the surrounding soil warms the liquid refrigerant in the buried tubes, changing it to a gas. The refrigerant gas enters the compressor, which squeezes it, raising its pressure and temperature. The hot refrigerant circulates through radiators inside the house, releasing the heat collected from the soil to the inside of the house. This process changes the refrigerant back into a liquid and the process starts again. By reversing the flow of the refrigerant, the heat pump system can cool the house in summertime. Heat collected from inside the house can be released back into the cool soil, resulting in a highly efficient air conditioning system for the home. A ground source heat pump requires some electricity to run the compressor. In an efficient, well-insulated home, this electricity could be easily supplied by a rooftop solar panel. For more information on geothermal heat, see: The Pembina Institute The Canadian Geothermal Energy Association Canadian GeoExchange Coalition New Brunswick geothermal case studies<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-template.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2265","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2265"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2265\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2267,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2265\/revisions\/2267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}