{"id":2271,"date":"2024-07-26T00:54:24","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T00:54:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/178.128.235.10\/?page_id=2271"},"modified":"2024-07-26T00:54:47","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T00:54:47","slug":"wind-area","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wind-area\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9olien"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pendant des centaines d\u2019ann\u00e9es, les humains ont employ\u00e9 le vent \u00e0 d\u2019innombrables fins, comme pour pomper l\u2019eau ou moudre le grain. Mais ce n\u2019est qu\u2019en 1887 que le premier moulin \u00e0 vent a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour produire de l\u2019\u00e9nergie. Depuis, les progr\u00e8s technologiques en mati\u00e8re de production \u00e9lectrique ont permis \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9olienne de se d\u00e9velopper pour devenir une source fiable d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 partout sur la plan\u00e8te. En 2008, le premier parc \u00e9olien commercial a d\u00e9but\u00e9 ses activit\u00e9s au Nouveau-Brunswick, dans le comt\u00e9 d\u2019Albert \u2014 le Parc \u00e9olien de Kent Hills. Dans le monde entier, 432 400&nbsp;<abbr title=\"Mega Watt\">MW<\/abbr>&nbsp;d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 sont produits au moyen de l\u2019\u00e9olien, dont plus de 294&nbsp;<abbr title=\"Mega Watt\">MW<\/abbr>&nbsp;au Nouveau-Brunswick.<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9oliennes modernes convertissent l\u2019\u00e9nergie cin\u00e9tique de l\u2019air qui se d\u00e9place en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Les pales d\u2019une \u00e9olienne sont fix\u00e9es \u00e0 un arbre (axe) qu\u2019elles entra\u00eenent en tournant. L\u2019arbre est lui-m\u00eame reli\u00e9 \u00e0 un alternateur qui, lorsque l\u2019arbre tourne, convertit l\u2019\u00e9nergie m\u00e9canique du vent en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"How does a wind turbine work? | Sustainability - ACCIONA\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DILJJwsFl3w?feature=oembed\" width=\"825\" height=\"464\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Variantes de turbines<\/h2>\n<p>Il existe plusieurs variantes d\u2019\u00e9oliennes, dont certaines sont optimis\u00e9es pour des utilisations particuli\u00e8res. Si vous envisagez un syst\u00e8me de production \u00e9olienne pour votre maison ou votre entreprise, nous vous recommandons de communiquer avec un conseiller pour \u00e9valuer votre site et obtenir des suggestions. Les mod\u00e8les varient notamment au chapitre de la forme et du nombre des pales, de la hauteur, de l\u2019axe et du syst\u00e8me de poursuite.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/directory\/\">Trouver un conseiller ou un distributeur au Nouveau-Brunswick<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pour les petites \u00e9oliennes, l\u2019arbre (axe) doit surmonter un couple (torque) \u00e9lev\u00e9 avant que les pales puissent tourner librement et que de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 puisse \u00eatre produite. La vitesse du vent permettant de surmonter ce couple est appel\u00e9e vitesse de d\u00e9marrage; elle est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 2 \u00e0 3 m\/s, soit 7 \u00e0 11 &nbsp;<abbr title=\"kilometres\">km<\/abbr>km\/h. Lorsque la vitesse du vent d\u00e9passe la vitesse de d\u00e9marrage, l\u2019\u00e9nergie du vent est suffisante pour que l\u2019\u00e9olienne commence \u00e0 produire de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Le nombre et la forme des pales de l\u2019\u00e9olienne d\u00e9finissent la vitesse de d\u00e9marrage ainsi que l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la machine par vent fort. Les grosses \u00e9oliennes comportent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement trois pales, mais les plus petites peuvent en compter de deux \u00e0 sept, selon leur emplacement et leur utilisation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/category\/wind\/\">\u00c9tudes de cas de production \u00e9olienne au Nouveau-Brunswick<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Impact environnemental<\/h2>\n<p>Bien que les \u00e9oliennes aient un impact environnemental bien moindre que les combustibles fossiles, elles soul\u00e8vent tout de m\u00eame des inqui\u00e9tudes \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Elles peuvent d\u00e9ranger la faune environnante : la modification de la pression qu\u2019elles entra\u00eenent peut nuire \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019habitat animalier local et elles peuvent provoquer la mort d\u2019oiseaux et de chauve-souris \u00e0 la suite de collisions avec les pales, du stress provoqu\u00e9 par le bruit et de la perturbation de l\u2019\u00e9cholocalisation. Le bruit et les vibrations sont des pr\u00e9occupations courantes lorsque les \u00e9oliennes sont construites \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de peuplements humains, mais il faut noter que l\u2019ampleur de ces craintes varie grandement en fonction du mod\u00e8le et de la taille des \u00e9oliennes et de la vitesse du vent. L\u2019aspect esth\u00e9tique fait aussi l\u2019objet de d\u00e9bats, m\u00eame s\u2019il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 d\u2019une question subjective. Comme avec toute technologie, la fabrication, le transport et la fin de vie des \u00e9oliennes peuvent produire des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre dangereux. Toutefois, la plupart des \u00e9oliennes ont une dur\u00e9e de vie de 15 \u00e0 25 ans, ce qui signifie que l\u2019\u00e9nergie propre qu\u2019elles produisent pendant cette p\u00e9riode compense les \u00e9missions rejet\u00e9es.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For hundreds of years, humans have been using the power of the wind to pump water and grind grain, among countless other applications. It wasn\u2019t until 1887 that the first windmill was used for energy production. Since then, advancements in electrical generation technology have allowed wind power to blossom as a reliable source of electricity generation around the world. In 2008, New Brunswick\u2019s first commercial wind farm began operation in Albert County \u2014 the Kent Hills Wind Farm. Wind power generates 432,400&nbsp;MW&nbsp;of power worldwide, and over 294&nbsp;MW&nbsp;of that is within New Brunswick. Modern wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of moving air into electricity. The blades of the turbine are attached to a shaft, which spins as the blades turn. The shaft is connected to a generator so as it spins, the generator can convert the wind energy from mechanical to electrical. Turbine Variations There are a number of variations between wind turbine models, some of which are optimized for specific applications. If you are interested in a wind power system for your home or business, we recommend that you contact a consultant to evaluate your site and make suggestions. Some of the variations on wind turbines you see may include: blade shape, number of blades, height, axis, and tracking systems. Find a New Brunswick consultant or distributor For small wind turbines, there is a significant amount of torque that the shaft needs to overcome before the blades can spin freely and electricity can be generated. The wind speed to overcome this torque is referred to as the cut-in speed, which is typically around 2\u20133 metres per second, or 7\u201311 &nbsp;km\/hour. At speeds greater than the cut-in speed, there should be enough energy in the wind for the turbine to begin generating electricity. The number and shape of turbine blades helps to determine the wind cut in speed, as well as the efficiency of the turbine at higher wind speeds. Large wind turbines typically feature 3 blades, however smaller turbines may have anywhere between 2\u20137 depending on their location and application. New Brunswick wind power case studies Environmental Impact While wind turbines have a much smaller impact than fossil fuels, they still produce some environmental concerns. Turbines can interfere with surrounding wildlife; the pressure changes can affect local wildlife habitat use, and they may result in bird and bat deaths through collisions with the blades, noise-related stress, and echolocation complications. Noise and vibrations are common concerns when wind turbines are built near human settlements, though it should be noted the severity of these concerns varies greatly turbine models, wind speed, and size. Visual aesthetics are also debated, however this is a subjective concern. As with all technologies the manufacturing, transportation, and end-of-life of wind turbines can produce harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Most turbines have lifespans of 15\u201325 years, meaning that the clean energy they produce over this time helps to compensate for these emissions.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-template.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2271","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2271"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2273,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2271\/revisions\/2273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}