{"id":2277,"date":"2024-07-26T00:55:49","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T00:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/178.128.235.10\/?page_id=2277"},"modified":"2024-07-26T01:00:11","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T01:00:11","slug":"system-components-area","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/system-components-area\/","title":{"rendered":"Composants d\u2019un syst\u00e8me"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cette section a pour objet de fournir certains renseignements sur les pi\u00e8ces d\u2019un syst\u00e8me \u00e0 \u00e9nergie renouvelable et s\u2019adresse aux personnes souhaitant en savoir plus. Vous n\u2019avez toutefois pas besoin de bien conna\u00eetre ces d\u00e9tails pour exploiter un de ces syst\u00e8mes. Si vous embauchez un entrepreneur agr\u00e9\u00e9, il poss\u00e9dera toutes les connaissances requises pour vous aider \u00e0 choisir le syst\u00e8me qui r\u00e9pond \u00e0 vos besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/directory\/\">R\u00e9pertoire des entrepreneurs et vendeurs du Nouveau-Brunswick<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<dl>\n<dt>Batteries<\/dt>\n<dd>Les batteries sont essentielles \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique autonome. L\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 que votre syst\u00e8me \u00e0 \u00e9nergie renouvelable produit n\u2019est pas directement utilis\u00e9e \u2013 elle sert plut\u00f4t \u00e0 charger de grosses batteries. Pour un syst\u00e8me autonome, l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 dont vous disposez correspond au volume stock\u00e9 dans les batteries.<\/dd>\n<dt>R\u00e9gulateur de charge<\/dt>\n<dd>Le r\u00e9gulateur de charge optimise la tension ou le courant inject\u00e9 dans les batteries ou qui en est tir\u00e9. En r\u00e9gulant la variation de la tension et du courant, il emp\u00eache la surcharge des batteries, augmentant ainsi leur dur\u00e9e de vie.<\/dd>\n<dt>Onduleur<\/dt>\n<dd>Un onduleur convertit le courant continu en courant alternatif. Les groupes de batteries fournissent du courant continu, alors que de nombreux \u00e9lectrom\u00e9nagers standards et les appareils \u00e9lectroniques modernes requi\u00e8rent du courant alternatif. Ce dernier est plus facile \u00e0 transporter sur de longues distances (p. ex., dans un r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique) que le courant continu, car il est moins sujet aux baisses de tension et n\u00e9cessite une infrastructure moins co\u00fbteuse.<\/dd>\n<dt>Panneau des charges essentielles<\/dt>\n<dd>Un panneau des charges essentielles ressemble \u00e0 une armoire \u00e9lectrique classique de maison. Pendant une journ\u00e9e normale, vous pouvez devoir alimenter des lumi\u00e8res, des \u00e9lectrom\u00e9nagers et d\u2019autres charges non&nbsp;<i>essentielles.<\/i>Lors d\u2019une panne de courant, le panneau des charges essentielles achemine l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 disponible uniquement vers les charges importantes, comme le po\u00eale \u00e0 granules de bois, le r\u00e9frig\u00e9rateur ou les luminaires. Comme le r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique ne fonctionne pas durant une telle panne, ce panneau n\u00e9cessite l\u2019alimentation \u00e9lectrique par une source ind\u00e9pendante, comme un groupe de batteries ou une g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice.<\/dd>\n<dt>Compteur de mesurage net<\/dt>\n<dd>Gr\u00e2ce au Programme de mesurage net d\u2019\u00c9nergie NB, l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 produite par votre syst\u00e8me \u00e0 \u00e9nergie renouvelable peut \u00eatre vers\u00e9e au r\u00e9seau de distribution au moyen d\u2019un compteur de mesurage net, un appareil sp\u00e9cial qui remplace les compteurs classiques. Ce nouveau compteur enregistre le volume d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 consomm\u00e9 \u00e0 partir du r\u00e9seau ainsi que l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 que vous produisez et envoyez au r\u00e9seau de distribution. \u00c9nergie NB vous facturera ensuite la diff\u00e9rence, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le volume net d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 utilis\u00e9. Les cr\u00e9dits obtenus gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce programme ne peuvent pas \u00eatre transf\u00e9r\u00e9s au-del\u00e0 du mois de mars chaque ann\u00e9e.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<h2>Syst\u00e8mes reli\u00e9s au r\u00e9seau et syst\u00e8mes autonomes<\/h2>\n<p>Les syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 \u00e9nergie renouvelable reli\u00e9s au r\u00e9seau envoient l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 qu\u2019ils produisent directement dans le r\u00e9seau de distribution, par un compteur de mesurage net d\u2019\u00c9nergie NB. Au minimum, ces syst\u00e8mes exigent un dispositif de production \u00e0 partir d\u2019une \u00e9nergie renouvelable (panneaux solaires, \u00e9olienne, etc.), un onduleur et un compteur de mesurage net. Ces syst\u00e8mes ne comportent pas de dispositif de stockage d\u2019\u00e9nergie, vous continuerez donc \u00e0 d\u00e9pendre du r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique (c.-\u00e0-d. vous continuerez \u00e0 ne plus avoir d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 durant les pannes). Par contre, comme ils comportent moins d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments, leur co\u00fbt initial est moindre et ils sont moins enclins aux d\u00e9faillances. Un syst\u00e8me reli\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau est plus efficace dans les r\u00e9gions disposant d\u2019une infrastructure \u00e9lectrique fiable pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 vos besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n<p>Les syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 \u00e9nergie renouvelable autonomes vous permettent de stocker l\u2019\u00e9nergie que vous produisez et de la r\u00e9utiliser pour alimenter votre r\u00e9sidence au besoin. Ces syst\u00e8mes n\u00e9cessitent un dispositif de production \u00e0 partir d\u2019une \u00e9nergie renouvelable, un onduleur, un r\u00e9gulateur de charge et des batteries. En raison du nombre d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments, ils requi\u00e8rent un plus grand investissement que les syst\u00e8mes reli\u00e9s au r\u00e9seau. Cependant, pendant les pannes, ils vous permettront de continuer \u00e0 disposer de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 que vous avez produite. Les propri\u00e9taires de syst\u00e8mes autonomes doivent disposer de suffisamment d\u2019espace pour entreposer les batteries durant l\u2019hiver et effectuer des v\u00e9rifications fr\u00e9quentes pour s\u2019assurer que leur syst\u00e8me fonctionne correctement.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Notez que les propri\u00e9taires de syst\u00e8mes autonomes doivent communiquer avec&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.gnb.ca\/content\/gnb\/en\/departments\/jps\/law-enforcement-and-inspections\/content\/technical_inspection_services.html\">les Services d\u2019inspection technique du gouvernement du Nouveau-Brunswick<\/a>&nbsp;pour v\u00e9rifier la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leur installation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Il est possible d\u2019avoir une installation qui comprend \u00e0 la fois des caract\u00e9ristiques des syst\u00e8mes autonomes et des syst\u00e8mes reli\u00e9s au r\u00e9seau. Ce type d\u2019installation fonctionne normalement comme un syst\u00e8me reli\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau, mais comporte aussi un r\u00e9gulateur de charge et un groupe de batteries. Pendant les pannes de courant, vos \u00e9lectrom\u00e9nagers fonctionneront au moyen de l\u2019\u00e9nergie stock\u00e9e dans ces batteries. Il est fortement recommand\u00e9 aux personnes employant ce genre de syst\u00e8me de pr\u00e9voir un panneau des charges essentielles, qui distribuera l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 seulement aux appareils cruciaux durant les pannes. L\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 produite par vos panneaux photovolta\u00efques pendant ce temps servira \u00e0 recharger les batteries au lieu d\u2019\u00eatre achemin\u00e9e au compteur de mesurage net. Le co\u00fbt initial de ces installations est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e9lev\u00e9 en raison du nombre d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments qu\u2019elles requi\u00e8rent.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbpower.com\/en\/outages\/preparing-for-outages\/generators\">Page sur les g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs d\u2019\u00c9nergie NB<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The purpose of this section is to provide a bit of information about parts of a renewable energy system, for those interested in a more in-depth understanding. Complete understanding of this information is not required for you to own one of these systems. If you hire a licensed contractor, they will have all the knowledge required to help you choose a system that meets your energy needs. New Brunswick directory Batteries Batteries are a crucial component for an off-grid electrical system. The power that your renewable energy system generates is not used directly \u2014 instead it is used to recharge large batteries. For an off-grid system, the available power you have is the amount of power that is stored in the batteries. Charge controller The charge controller optimizes the voltage and\/or current being added to, or drawn from, the batteries. By regulating the movement of voltage and current, the charge controller prevents overcharging the batteries, improving the overall battery lifespan. Inverter An inverter is used to convert the electrical current from direct to alternating. Battery banks release energy with a direct current (DC), whereas alternating current (AC) energy is required as an input for many standard appliances and modern electronics. AC is much easier to transport over long distances (such as the electrical grid) than DC, as it is less susceptible to voltage drops and requires cheaper infrastructure. Essential loads panel An essential loads panel is similar to a regular main breaker service panel in your home. During a normal day, you may be powering lights, appliances, and other loads that aren\u2019t&nbsp;essential. During a power outage an essential loads panel directs available electricity to only important loads, such as a wood pellet stove, refrigerator, lights, etc. Since the electrical grid does not work during an outage, these panels require an electrical input from an independent source, such as a battery bank or a generator. Net meter Through NB Power\u2019s Net Metering Program, the power that your renewable energy system generates can be fed back into the existing electrical grid through a net meter, a special type of meter that will replace your current one. This new meter records the amount of electricity that you use from the grid, as well as the electricity that you produce and send back to the distribution system. You will then be billed for the difference, or net amount of electricity used. Credits from this program cannot be carried forward beyond March of each year. Grid tied vs. off grid Grid tied renewable energy systems send the electricity that they generate straight back to the electrical grid through an NB Power net meter. At the bare minimum, these systems require a renewable energy technology (solar panels, wind turbine, etc.), an inverter, and a net meter. These systems contain no form of energy storage, so you will still be dependent on the electrical grid (i.e. you will still lose power during an outage). As a trade-off, these systems contain fewer components, so they have a cheaper initial cost and are less prone to malfunctions. A grid tied system works best in an area with reliable energy infrastructure to help offset your energy needs. Off grid renewable energy systems allow you to store the energy you produce, and use it to power your residence as needed. These systems require a renewable energy technology, inverter, charge controller, and batteries. Due to the number of components, these systems generally require a larger investment than grid-tied systems, however during outages you will still be able to use the electricity you have produced. Off-grid system owners will need to have space available for storing batteries throughout the winter, and need to perform more regular check-ups to ensure their system is working as intended. Note that off-grid system owners must contact&nbsp;the Government of New Brunswick\u2019s Technical Inspection Services&nbsp;in order to ensure the safety of the installation. It is possible to have a system that incorporates aspects of both off-grid and grid tied systems. These systems normally operate as grid tied systems, but also contain a charge controller and battery bank. During power outages, your appliances will operate using energy stored in your batteries. It is highly recommended for people using these systems to include an essential loads panel, which provides energy to only necessary appliances during an outage. Power generated by your PV panels during this time will be directed to re-charge the batteries instead of the net meter. These systems typically have a high initial cost due to the number of components they require. NB Power\u2019s Generators page<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-template.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2277","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2277"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2279,"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2277\/revisions\/2279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewablesnb.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}